Climate change, demographic ageing, labour market restructuring, and growing social inequalities create major challenges for welfare states and raise questions about how to organise social protection and public investment in social services and policies in a way that is both socially fair and environmentally sustainable. In the paper “Macro-regularities...
Welfare states provide social benefits both in cash and in kind. In Europe, cash benefits include income transfers, such as retirement pensions, family benefits and unemployment allowances, while in-kind benefits are usually derived from the use of publicly provided services, such as healthcare, education, early childhood care and care...
Social services and policies (including but not limited to education, healthcare, early childhood care, long-term care, family planning, housing support, and active labour market policies) have been identified as pivotal drivers of sustainable competitiveness and inclusive prosperity. They are considered to be productive institutions that expand individual and collective...
